Nike Marketing Stragety - 3323 Words

Abstract: Different forms of strategy are used in different corporations. Nike has achieved greatness due to their forms of strategy. Nike is known as the top seller of sports shoes and apparel. In such a competitive field, this is close to excellence. To do well in this field requires many inventive and resourceful advertisements and marketing skills. Nike has accomplished this through their great commercials, and other forms of marketing. In this paper, I will define strategy and show Nike s forms of strategy and how their techniques have brought themselves to the top. Table of Contents: IntroductionÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…1 Define StrategyÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 Advertising for FemalesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….5 Star†¦show more content†¦The difference between these is that the intended strategy is where the plans are developed for the future, which often comes from patterns of past behavior. The realized strategy happened as the company adjusts to many changes along the way, such as market, competitor, and economic changes. One of Nike s greatest strategies has been to reassess and refine their advertising strategies aimed at female consumers. Nike is one of the first corporations to realize they need to target a greater audience. As opposed to the days when soap operas were the only channel of communication to women, women are now computer literate, employed as professionals, and very mobile. The work force has increasingly employed more women. The number of women in businesses has nearly doubled since the 1960s. Recognizing the vast difference, many companies refine their products to tap the forte of women. Some players in sports equipment are reaching out to women for the first time. Nike is running hard in the women s arena. Young girls are so much more active today than they were just a few years ago. Nike notices this and does a great job of targeting this audience. Sheryl Swoopes, not Michael Jordan or Grant Hill or Shaquille O Neal, has brought several hundreds of young girls out on the basketb all court to learn hoops tips under the basket. This larger-than-life star gained the respect and admiration of many thousands of fans. She has one message:Show MoreRelatedBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 Pageslargely limited to low-quality, low-price products unsupported by effective packaging or marketing. Given these characteristics, they enjoyed only temporary sales spurts during recessionary times. No more. While still offering so-called price brands, retailers are also increasingly offering private label brands at the high end of the business. Such brands are competitive with national brands in quality and marketing support but have substantial cost advantages - in part because the cost of the brand

The Evident Existence of Races Free Essays

string(25) " areas of the community\." Many sociologists believe that ‘races† do not exist therefore have to find alternative groupings to study racism or patterns of racial disadvantage in the United Kingdom. There exist many differing theories but no finite method of determining the true cause of racism. This dissertation will outline the different theories used by sociologists and attempt to show the patterns of ethnic disadvantage present in Britain. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evident Existence of Races or any similar topic only for you Order Now Racism is thought by many to be the notion that some ethnic groups are naturally superior to others. The Oxford Dictionary†s definition of the word ‘race† is ‘ A group of persons of common stock† ‘Human abilities are determined by â€Å"race†Ã¢â‚¬ . Although ‘Race† and Racism are defined in the oxford dictionary sociologists claim that ‘races† do not exist. They have considered the work of human biologists who in turn have studied the genes of many individuals that are said to be associated with different ‘races†. The results of these studies show that there is no distinctive gene that defines which ‘race† a person belongs to. Blood groups have been examined and results show that while some ‘races† have higher tendencies to certain blood types, no one ‘race† has been found to have one particular blood type unique to their origin. Due to there being no conclusive biological evidence biologists refer to different ‘races† as different populations. Any cultural differences are said to be ethnic differences, not differences in race. There is a belief that if ‘race† does not exist then sociologists can†t rightfully use the term in their study of different populations. It is due to this belief that they must find alternative ways of analysing population differences. The history of ‘race† is important to examine in the attempt to show why ordinary people, known as actors, still think that ‘race† exists. Racism is thought to have always existed. The Romans considered slaves as being inferior to themselves, but there has been no scientific evidence to support claims of superiority. In the early 18th century until early in the 19th century there was a progressive belief that there was basic similarity between all men, that social differences were due to the environment. This view was overridden by the rise of scientific racism where all social differences found previously were labelled and explained as ‘natural†. But again ‘race† has never been a scientific concept. It was due to this that in the 20th century political/moral reasons forced scientific racism into decline and was eventually replaced by cultural racism, which shares the same beliefs. Racism is thought to be a set of beliefs and racial discrimination the set of practices that are synonymous with these beliefs. There are several contrasting views of racism and racial discrimination. The functionalist model looks upon it via the perspective of ‘race† relations, that racism exists due to the creation of bad relations between ‘races†. Due to ‘race† not existing, functionalists study situations that are apparent in society. They look at events which actors define as racial, and by this expedient they examine the processes of racialism. John Rex a radical weberian believes in the conflictional view that competition over scarce resources in different markets is the cause of conflict between Afro-Caribbean†s, Asians and whites in relation to employment and housing (Bulmer et al, 1999:335). He say†s that it is not due to the lower wages which ethnic minorities receive. The Marxist perspective focuses on labour relations. An ideology masking contradiction of capital between capitals† need for free labour and nationalism. Robert Miles, a hard line Marxist believes that class is the determining factor and all inequalities derive from class inequalities. Miles is very much alone in his claim but gives the example of the white working class fearing immigrants due to a rise in unemployment levels and a decline in standard of living. However, Miles states that the immigrants were not the cause of this. He claims that capitalism was. He states many find this hard to see because: ‘We are offered definitions and theories of racism which are so specific to the history of overseas colonisation (that is specific to the domination of ‘white† over ‘black† as so many writers express it) that they are of little value in explaining any other non-colonial) context† (Miles, R (Bulmer et al, 1999:344)) Another Marxist theory focuses on wider relations. ‘Race† has no reality but can be used in analysis, this theory is concerned with racial politics and how they may be independent of class. Marxists who follow this belief say that groupings and conflicts intersect, and may not actually be connected with class. With the term ‘race† being seen as invalid by many people the question has arisen. Are we better to talk about ethnicity rather that ‘race†? Ethnicity is a sense of identity to a group that shares a common history. Ethnic groups are also held together by ties of language, culture and group spirit that are now referred to as nationalism. There are also territorial ties, although many ethnic groups had previously left their homeland they still share a common geographical link. The term ethnicity is often confused with ‘race†, again when talking about ethnicity there have never been boundaries whether cultural or geographical that clearly states the limits of ethnic groups, even though many believe ethnicity is naturally determined. The idea that ethnicity is ‘natural† is said to be ‘wrong†. Ethnic differences are cultural, we all have an identity, though we may not always be conscious of it. There has recently been a revival of ethnic differences followed by reactions to discrimination and racial disadvantage. An example of this is Afro-Caribbean†s beliefs of what Britain would be able to offer them, these beliefs have changed due to certain types of discrimination and disadvantage. Cultural and religious issues can now be seen as more significant than economic inequalities. There are however some problems with ethnicity. Emphasis is placed on difference and cultural issues of power and inequality, therefore, ethnic groups may be seen to be fixed racial groups with another identity. Racial disadvantage in the United Kingdom is visible in many different areas of the community. You read "The Evident Existence of Races" in category "Papers" Employment, education and crime are just a few examples. Throughout employment, horizontal segmentation can be seen to be apparent via clustering. Ethnic minorities are more likely to work for themselves, graduates from these backgrounds tend to do relatively badly, many Asians are self-employed and Afro-Caribbean†s are largely recruited to the private sector. This shows that ethnic or racial factors are involved in stratification in Britain. Within the generalisation that, ethnic minorities are treated less equally, individual successes and inter-group variations are present. This is shown by vertical segmentation, Afro-Caribbean†s being placed at lower levels of employment than Asians. When the ‘The Race Relations Act ‘ was amended in 1976 The Commission for Racial Equality was established to promote racial harmony. This was to try to counter the acts which had been enforced prior to the Race Relations Act of 1965. Such acts, for instance, as the British Nationality Act 1948 and the Commonwealth Act 1962 which where more concerned with restricting immigration than trying to promote good ‘race† relations. In the context of the recruitment of employees, the Race Relations Act 1976 stated that it is unlawful to discriminate: By a company giving racial instructions to a personnel officer or an employment agency. In relation to terms of pay. By rejecting an applicant or refusing to consider him for the post on the basis of race. These laws were enacted in order to try to increase equality in employment. As a mechanism to bring about change to employment rights the Commission for Racial Equality has made extensive recommendations to successive governments including a move to make ethnic monitoring compulsory for all employers with an excess workforce of 250. In the belief that ethnic monitoring is essential for progressing to racial equality. Racial disadvantage has also been found to be present in the theatre of education. Before 1973 it was known that white pupils topped the performance list with Asians and Afro Caribbean†s coming further down. The differences in levels of performance were considered to be related to the duration of the pupils† stay in the UK. Newcomers would have experienced problems adapting to a new way of living and may even have encounter communication problems. Moving on to early 1970†³s – 1980†³s the focus of discrimination in education moved to examine the effects of class and the school at which they enrolled. It was found that ethnic minorities are more likely to go to an underachieving school than their white counterparts due to their class framework, lower income and location. Curriculum was also thought to be a cause of the poor academic findings relating to ethnic minorities. The syllabus that the schools were offering was not relevant to children from ethnic backgrounds, a ‘white curriculum† concentrated on ‘white history† and the history of Britain. This was modified to give a wider education on the history of ethnic countries in an attempt to make studies more relative for ethnic minorities. With these problems tackled, education monitoring in the 1980†³s showed children from ethnic backgrounds to be improving at a faster rate than white children of the same age. Schools support the right of all children to receive quality education and fair treatment. The governing body of education aims to ensure that no one receives less favourable treatment on the grounds of race or any other social/cultural labels. It is believed that racism can be learned from an early age but to control this unwanted learning the children must be taught respect for other people in-order that they might learn ‘rights from wrongs† ‘If segregation of the sexes or races prevails, if authoritarianism and hierarchy dominate the system the child cannot help but learn that power and status are dominant factors in human relationships†¦.If the teacher and the children are each respected units, the lesson for respect for the person will easily register† The Race Relations Act of 1976 again places barriers on education by stating that; ‘By excluding a pupil from the establishment or by treating him unfavourably in any other way† is unlawful. Now in higher education a higher percentage of ethnic children stay on after 16 years old. This is encouraging but fewer now enrol at university, on academic courses and more drop out. This however can no longer be explained due to lack of adjustment since most were born here and therefore need no time to adjust to the a new community or learn a new language. Within the Criminal Justice System racial discrimination also exists. It is understood that black people are far worse off at every stage of law enforcement. They are more likely to be stopped by Police, charged with serious offence, prosecuted, convicted, and imprisoned. They are less likely to be given lenient treatment for example, fined, put on probation, or allowed bail. It has been declared that in 1997 the United Kingdom had one of the highest levels of racist orientated attacks in Europe, and that 1 in 3 British citizens classed themselves as racist (Thompson B., Roots of poison). Racial hatred and prejudice is an example of extremism, when cultural differences start being connected to ‘race† a persistent hatred can occur. Racism, it is argued, is a specific form of discrimination usually associated with skin colour and ethnicity. It involves the use of power of one group over another. When this power is unequal it enables those that share a particular culture to deny others access to opportunities, hence treat them in a racist way. As well as being more inclined to be the perpetrators of crimes, ethnic minorities are also prone to be the victims. These crimes are not however due to ethnic background but are due to the social background of their class. Despite this, people are sometimes ignorant to this fact and state that ethnic crimes are more apparent because they are of an inferior race. A Report by Sir William Macpherson that examined the Lawrence case (in which it was claimed that the police neglected their job because the victim was ‘black†), was published on 24th February 1999. In the report, which was presented to the Government and to the Home Office, McPherson revealed that the problems, which occurred during the case, were the result of Institutional Racism defined as; ‘The collective failure of an organization to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic origin† It was said that institutional racism can not be used in the labeling of individuals but must be a label that is associated with the organization as a whole. It is due to the finding of racial disadvantage, that the police have set up ‘Operation Athena† to tackle the problems outlined in the report. The operation aims to improve prevention, awareness, communication, response and the identification of needs in the context of ethnic minorities. The three examples of employment, education and crime are only a selection of the sectors of the community that show racial disadvantage. Although there is no finite definition of ‘race† there has been continual work to improve the social conditions for ethnic minorities. It is hoped that in the future there will be racial harmony between all populations and that ‘true† equality will be gained. How to cite The Evident Existence of Races, Papers

Rate Of Unemployment In Australia Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Rate Of Unemployment In Australia. Answer: Introduction This assignment is about the rate of unemployment in Australia in the last 5 years. Unemployment is a situation when a person, willing to work doesnt get work because of the unavailability of the jobs in the economy. In simpler words unemployment is the number of unemployed people in the economy(Hundal, 2010). A countrys financial stability is measured by various factors one of them is the factor of unemployment, lower the rate of unemployment higher the financial stability of the nation. In this assignment we are going to discuss about the last 5 year records of the unemployment in the Australia. According to the latest news release, the unemployment rate slightly fell down at 5.6% in august 2017(TE Economics, 2015). Unemployment is considered to be one of the most serious problems in any country that affects the performance of the nation as a whole. A major reason for the unemployment is the growth of population, in Australia population is increasing at a low pace but it is increas ing, in 1960 the population was around 10 million, which is now 24.13 million. Every nation wants to deal with the situation of unemployment, but mostly countries fails to cope up with these situations as this problem seems to be small but when we go into the depth of it, it becomes bigger and bigger. However it is not impossible to put an end on this problem, a nation needs to work hard on its policies and economy so that it gets foreign direct investment as well as its own funds to strengthen the infrastructure that will ultimately put an end on the cause of unemployment(Mark, 2013). In this assignment we are going to talk about such policies and strategies which can help in curbing the unemployment. Critical Analysis Now in this section of the project we are going to discuss in detail the issue of unemployment in the last 5 years in Australia. Unemployment is like a deadly disease that any country wants to get rid of. Not even a single country in the whole world has achieved an economy which says full employment is there(Cruise, 2017). However it is almost an impossible thing to do, as unemployment grows as the population grows. If we talk about Australia then Australian population is 24.13million in 2017 and the rate of unemployment is somewhere around 5.6% in august 2017 according to a national news channel. If we talk about the trend of unemployment in Australia in the last 5 years, then it wont be wrong saying that in the year 2012 the unemployment rate was as low as 5%(TE Economics, 2015). The unemployment rate is going to stand at 5.40% by the end of this quarter according to aneconomics website, and by the end of this year this rate will slightly rise to 5.60%. In the year 2014 and 2015 th e unemployment rate was as high as 6.1%, these are the two years in the last five years when the unemployment rate was really high. Most of the eminent economists of the world believe that the situation of full employment is neither practical nor desirable. There are sub-types of unemployment that are explained below(Study you and me, 2014): Frictional Unemployment: Frictional unemployment is the one that cant be avoided at any cost, and it does not harm to the economy of the country. Frictional unemployment is an unemployment which occurs when the workers leave their current job in search for looking up the better job. As said above frictional unemployment is not harmful and it would be appropriate to say that it is required in the economy. Natural Unemployment: Natural unemployment is a combination of frictional, structural and surplus unemployment. Natural employment is that part of an economy which will stay there forever; it cant be put to zero. Even the most powerful economies of the world have natural unemployment in their economic structures. Structural Unemployment: Structural unemployment is a part of natural unemployment, it occurs when the workers dont have the skill that the employer wants in them and robots or machines are chosen over them by the employer in the working process. Long Term Unemployment: Most of the peoples fall in this category. People who are continuously searching for jobs for more than a period of 27 weeks fall into this category. Sadly this situation leads to anger and depression into the peoples which results in the rise of the unemployment and low standard of livings. Cyclic Unemployment: This type of unemployment arises when the recession or contraction phase of business hits the market or the economy and the employer starts cutting out their workforce. Cyclic unemployment is not a part of natural unemployment. Real Unemployment: Real unemployment is not considered to one of the types or sub types of the unemployment. The term real unemployment has been given by the BLS. The unemployment rate in Australia in the last 5 years has been shown through the help of a graph that is presented below, it will not only help the audience to understand it but also it will give all the little details about the unemployment rate in Australia(Melinda Therisa, 2017). Now as the above graph depicts the unemployment rate in the Australia for the last 5 years. In this the year the unemployment rate was as low as 5%, and then it gradually increased by time and each year it increased at a low pace and in the year 2015 the unemployment rate was as high as 6.3, which the Australian economy managed to bring down to 6% by the start of 2016 and further it slipped to 5.6% in the year 2017. Unemployment rates as set by the Federal Reserves are between 5-5.5% that are considered to be the ideal unemployment rate even for the strongest economies of the world(Reserve, 2017). If below or above the employment rates falls or rise then the government of the nation needs to interfere to handle the situation to maintain the economic stability. The Cost of unemployment Unemployment is considered to be a really bad thing in the economy of a nation. Most of the eminent economists of the world have considered the unemployment as an important component of an economy as it cant be totally elevated from the economy(Jaspal, 2014). Even the most powerful of the nations suffers from the unemployment. The cost of unemployment is different to the different sections of the society. The Cost to the Individual: When an individual suffers from the loss of his/her job due to recession or other reasons, it will not hard to imagine the situation. From the very first point when the individual lost his job, his savings, family, daily routine everything will get disturb. If this situation stays for very long then it will ultimately leads to an individual where he will deny for the education opportunities for his childrens and other basic facilities as he will have no money to sponsor anything. The Cost to the Society: When there is prolonged unemployment is in the society then it will not only lowers the standard of living of the people but it will also increase the crime rates in the country. When people will have no jobs and no money they will automatically fall for wrong things in order to feed their empty stomachs and pockets. This situation will not only harm the society financially but it will create a poor image of the nation at an international platform. The Cost to the Country: When the level of unemployment increases, the taxes that the government of a country receives reduces. This will ultimately results in government borrowing funds from other countries and financial institutions(Tendulkar, 2014). Adverse Effects of Unemployment Unemployment, as said is not possible to be erased from the economy, around 5-5.5% rate of unemployment is ideal for every economy. The bad or adverse effects of the unemployment are as under(Harlod, 2012): Abuse of Labor: When the economy of the nation is hit back with a high of unemployment then the big companies or even the mid or small scale firms starts exploiting the labor by hiring them on very low wages that are even against the government standards for low wages. Industrial Disputes: Industrial disputes is the another bad effects of the unemployment. When the employer fires his employees due to recession, it leads to industrial disputes as sometimes the employees moves to employees association or tribunals that look after the interest of the employees(Nanto, 2014). Political Instability: The rise of unemployment not only leads to disputes but also it creates political instability. When the unemployment rate increases the people falling in the same category starts cursing the political or government parties. This leads to political instability in the country(Loius, 2017). Measures to Cope Up With Unemployment Focusing on young people: The government of a country for controlling or elevating unemployment to a great extent must focus on its young peoples. As they are the one who have the future of the country in their hands. Focusing on young people not only control the unemployment but it will also grow the GDP of a nation as the young peoples are willing to do more and more work efficiently and effectively that will help the nation to grow on an international standard(Marky, 2016). Starting your own business: As the unemployment is growing day by day even in strongest of the economies are unable to cope up with the unemployment. The government of the nations is now promoting self employment by giving tax rebates if a person opens up his/her own business. In India, if an individual or a group of people opens up a start up then they needs not to give any tax on the earning of the business for 3 years. By doing this it will curb unemployment by creating more job opportunities. Improving education skills: The government of a nation can provide the benefits of improving education and skills of the unemployed educated peoples. Most of the countries have various centers for skill and education development. The local government authorities can ask the people of their local province to join these courses so that it helps them in finding the right jobs for them(Berth, 2017). Seasonal Unemployment: The industrialists who are into the manufacturing business of those products or services that are seasonal and by the end of their season they cut down their workforce must opt some other manufacturing process in the slack reason, so that the country do not face the problem of unemployment at least from their end. Controlling population: The major cause of unemployment in any country is its population. Bigger the population biggest will be the unemployment. The government should also concentrate on the techniques and schemes to control population, cause large population does not only leads to unemployment but also to many other unwanted problems that lowers the stand of a nation on international levels. Temporary work: If a nation faces unemployment problem more than any other country than it must introduce the scheme of providing temporary work to the person till he/she doesnt gets a suitable job for themselves. These temporary jobs can be provided at low wages that at least allow these temporary workers to fulfill their daily needs of food and shelter. Reducing age of retirement: In most of the countries the age of retirement is around 60-65 and in few of the countries it has been reached to 68. Such long age of retirement also cause unemployment in an economy because the newer peoples dont get chance to work with government or other beneficial departments of the country. A government of a nation must creates a policy that will not only reduces the age of the retirement but it also makes sure that the recruitments for the newer peoples is done timely so that the opportunities to the youth can be given regularly and timely(Jessica, 2014). Illegal Immigration: When a nation faces the problem of illegal immigration, it not only stops at the immigration but they start doing the jobs at very low wages that leads to the loss of jobs to the local peoples. The freshest example of this kind of problem can be seen in Europe. Most of the European countries are facing this problem; Italy, U.K, Finland, Greece and Spain are few examples of such countries that are facing huge illegal immigrants problems(kaneru, 2008). Conclusion After observing all the facts and information given above in the assignment, a detailed and a brief conclusion have been written here to give a final judgment about the unemployment in Australia in the last 5 years. According to the national surveyors the youth unemployment in Australia is only around 13.5% which way less than any other country of the world. Even the normal rate of unemployment in Australia is at 5.40%, it will grow to 5.60% by the end of this quarter and the Australian economy has worked really hard to maintain this rate of unemployment. As per the Federal Reserves the ideal unemployment rate is between 5-5.50%, which Australia has maintained for a long time and the forecast of Australian unemployment says that it will be remain stable by 2020. Australia is performing well at international level and sooner or later it will reduce the unemployment rate from 5.60% to 5%. Most of the worlds eminent economists say that it is not at all possible to totally elevate the un employment and it is not at all recommendable. In the year 1953 the unemployment rate went down to 2.3% after the great Korean War. After which the economy fell down very badly which resulted in the hike of unemployment rate to an unimaginable point. Australian economy is capable of coping up with unemployment and it wont be wrong to say that the Australian economy is currently at an ideal state of unemployment. Bibliography Anon., 2013. Chron. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/major-ethical-issues-business-people-face-20900.html [Accessed 17 feburary 2011]. Bactor, G., 2012. The Benefits of custom made ERP's. The Times of Business, 1(100), p.2. Berth, H., 2017. Unemployment. In K. Sharma, ed. Commerce Industrial Advancement. 2nd ed. Chandigarh: Berth Publishers. pp.123-85. Cruise, B., 2017. Macroeconomics. 10th ed. Bath: London Publishers. Harlod, M., 2012. Deep Study of the Causes of Unemployment. In Anderson, J. Study of Macroeconomics. Sydney: Aussie Publishers. pp.50-86. Hesabras, 2017. Hesabras. [Online] Available at: https://www.hesabras.com/Content/media/filepool3/2017/8/569.pdf [Accessed 1 July 2017]. Hundal, A., 2010. Employment in the city. City Entrepreanuer, 3(5), pp.4-5. Jaspal, R.L., 2014. How Nations Suffers From Unemployment. Mumbai Publishers: Jaspal Publisher. Jessica, 2014. Australian Unemployment Curbing Techniques. Acuity Mag, 6(15), p.7. kaneru, 2008. 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Available at: https://www.cpaaustralia.com.au/professional-resources/accounting-professional-and-ethical-standards/apes-110-code-of-ethics-for-professional-accountants [Accessed 15 july 2017]. Study you and me, 2014. Study.com. [Online] Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/three-types-of-unemployment-cyclical-frictional-structural.html [Accessed 15 August 2013]. TE Economics, 2015. Trading Economics. [Online] Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/australia/unemployment-rate [Accessed 3 June 2013]. Tendulkar, D., 2014. Unemployment In the World's Strongest Economy. Georgia: Marshall Sons Printing Press.