Segmentation of Music Industry

Music industry Segmentaion When attempting to segment a particular consumer base or population by personality or motivation, one must consider what personality traits the consumers posses. Of course there are serveral ways to group together personalities ex (fashionable, innovative, extroverted, etc). I have chosen to use Karen Horney’s theory of three personality groups for segmentation of the music consumer market. Karen Horney states that people can be grouped into three personalities; compliance, aggression and withdrawl.Since music consumers can be an almost entire population, it would be a good idea to segment this population into three broad groups. The first personality group, compliance, is can be defined as people who move toward others. This group has a need for affection and approval and a need to be liked by others. The complaint personality consumer would tend to veer toward popular current music or popular music within a certain genre. This is the consumer who w ould be listening to Justin Timberlake and Lady GaGa when they are at their peak.They would be drawn toward the â€Å"summer hits†, toward the songs that are played at clubs and they dance to with their friends. In terms of music consumers, they might be seen as between the ages of 10-40, and this is a very big market withing the music consumer industry. The second personality group, aggression, are considered those who go ahaist toher. This group has a need for power and for control over others. They have the need to be heard by others and fear of seeming stupid. This personality group would be the ones who view themselves as against the popular music, against very popular groups and singers.Maybe they would chose music with a bit more of an edge, harder rock, rap and hip hop music. Finally, the third personality group is knows as detached, and they move away from others. Consumers in this group have a need for self-sufficiency and independence and do not need to rely on any one. These are the consumers of many independent bands and singers, who see themselves as going against the grain and against society. Once the consumer base has been segmented into personality groups, it is easier to target each of these groups. Many artists and bands can be advertised in such a way that they can appeal to each of these groups.On the retail level, where consumers are in direct contact with the music industry, there are so many opportunities for consumption, ranging from digital/physical music and concert tickets to festival passes, ringtones, merchandise, clothing lines, band donations and nonprofit initiatives. For instance, when targeting the compliant personality consumer, would be easier to advertise towards since they are very conscious and respondent to others tastes. So, when promoting a new album of Adele toward this group, we would be very insistent with her new songs in all settings.Her songs would be played on all major radio stations, promoted in clubs and bars, and also promoted within social networking which has now become an extrememly important word-of-mouth marketing technique. Now, while reaching out to the detached personality consumer, we would use a different marketing approach. Since these consumers are the ones who are geared more toward indepndent music and anything that is specifically not main stream, there needs to be a careful marketing approach done so that they are unaware they are being advertised too. One idea could be promoting smaller, more intimate shows at local record stores.Also, encouraging these fans to support their local record stores instead of retail chains like Wal-Mart and Best Buy. Since music sales have shifted toward digital downloading mediums, they could reach this consuemer base throught there as well. Another possible tactic could be to create album covers that visual appeal to this consumer base, maybe a loan aritist or a band in darker shades or seperated from society somehow, to appeal d irectiy to this personality base. Finally, the third peronality consumer group is that of aggression. A more tactful approach must be taken when advertising to this market segment.

Ad Agency Report Essay

Abstract The focus of this paper is to select and research an advertising agency, which will then be evaluated. The paper will discuss the evaluation in two stages. Thus, the first section of the evaluation will include a description of the unique aspects of the agency, its strengths, services, specialties, and approach to marketing communication, and others, while the second section is going to be a personal opinion of the agency as a marketing communication firm. The selected advertising agency is TBWA. TBWA – Overview TBWA is an independent and international, privately-owned advertising agency which headquarters are located in Mmidtown Manhattan, New York City. The company was started in Europe and made a mark in the United Sated by promoting European products, such as Absolut vodka and Evian water. The agency was founded in 1970, surprisingly in France by William Tragos, Claude Bonnange, Uli Wiesendanger and Paolo Airoldi. The agency’s name was derived from the initials of the four founders’ last names. The founders hoped to tap ‘the richness of different cultures, the healthy frictions and the thrust that comes from diversity,’ as chairperson Tragos later stated in a company publication. In 1977 Tragos opened TBWA’s first U.S. office in New York City. The New York City branch of TBWA started out with $7.5 million worth of billings in the first year. The branch worked for several small accounts that would later become large money-earners, including the European bottled water company Evian and Fromageries Bel, producers of Laughing Cow cheese. In 1993 Omnicom acquired TBWA and the agency expanded rapidly to become a worthy partner to BBDO and DDB. Two key developments in the growth of TBWA were its merger with US agency Chiat Day in 1995 and with Anglo-French network GGT BDDP three years later. The agency operates through various brands all over the world, such as: TBWA ChiataDay in New York, TBWA Hunt Lascarisa in South Africa, TBWA Concept Unit in West Africa, and TBWARaad in North Africa. This company is ranked in the first ten 10 advertising agencies of the world and it has more than 274 offices in over a hundred countries and it counts more than 11,000 employees worldwide. TBWA develops and manages brand behavior in the world of today by using Disruptive Ideas. They concentrate not only on being the best in advertising but to be among the most creative companies from the world. The specialty disciplines/marketing services of this ad agency are: disruption, service development, media advertising, employee branding, digital, theatre, design, sports sponsorship, retail activation, corporate social responsibility (CSR), customer relationship management (CRM), cause related marketing, mobile utility, custom publishing, brand amplification, event marketing, and others. TBWA strategies services include: Disruptive Strategy, Brand Positioning, Brand Development, Brand Behavior and Media Arts Planning. Their analytical tools help recognize market growth opportunities. Some of these analytical tools are: Web analytics, Definition and measurement of targeted digital channels, Marketing effectiveness metrics, Customer relationship strategies, and Customer scorecards. Through service analytics and ongoing media monitoring TBWA help optimize services and activate desired behavior to leverage success fast. According to McMains (2009), TBWA is a combination of tactical rigor mid strong creative ideas. See more: Unemployment – problems and solutions essay TBWA states that their starting point for any brand is disruption, even though the brand may be local or global. Disruption drives a tactical development of the solution of their clients by challenging conventions from any industry and it provides a common language across the network for the brands this company leads. By being fluent in Ddisruption and Mmedia Aarts, each agency in the TBWA network is continuously analyzing and documenting the shifts in the media context and their influence on the behavior of the audience. Thus, this commitment makes it possible to let TBWA to serve global brands distinctively than the competitors. Some of the global clients of TBWA are: ABSOLUT, Accenture, Adidas, Apple, Energized, Four Seasons, GSK, Henkel, Infiniti, McDonald’s, Michelin, Nissan, Pfizzer, Roche, Singapore Airlines, Standard Chartered Bank, Visa, and many others. TBWA was recognized as the Best International Network of the Decade by Advertising Age in 2010, while TBWA was placed the 24th of the world’s 50 most innovative companies in 2009 by Fast Company Magazine. As stated early earlier, TBWA is a unit of Omnicom Group which is a world leader in marketing and also in corporate communications office. Omnicom’s branded networks and numerous specialty firms provide advertising, strategic media planning and buying, digital and interactive marketing, direct and promotional marketing, public relations and other specialty communications services to over 5,000 clients in more than 100 countries. Datamonitor (2010) states that Omnicom’s strengths are: client relationships, important operations with a powerful portfolio of brands, wide range of services that can be offered, and a strongerstrong market recognition. Its weaknesses rely in: constantly changing financial performances and also geographic concentration. Visible opportunities are positive outlook for interactive media market, the reviving industry of advertisements, the increase in mobile marketing, and also an increase in the advertising market of Asia Pacific. Lastly, threats that this company faces comes from an intense competition, global business risks, and also regulation. All of the mentioned above make up the SWOT analysis for the Omnicom Group which is the owner of TBWA. TBWA dominated Campaign Asia Pacific’s 2012 Agency of the Year Awards in four categories: ‘Japan Creative Agency of the Year’, ‘Australia/New Zealand PR Agency of the Year’, and ‘Singapore Digital Network of the Year’. The most important people of this company are: Tom Carroll who is the president and CEO of TBAWorldwide, Jean-Marie Dru, who is the Chairman, Lee Clow, the global director of Media Arts, and Denis Streiff, who is the Chief Financial Officer of the TBWAWorldwide. TBWA – Opinion As a personal consideration, I think that TBWA is an advertising agency that deserves its current place because it is not easy to work with companies like Apple, Addidas, McDonald’s or Pfizzer. These big players have chosen TBWA probably because they have trust in the operations conducted by this company. I would say that it is well worth to spend time and resources to create something that would be best in the following years to come because TBWA with its current customers can draw other important companies into working with it. TheyTBWA aims to be not only the best marketing network but also one of the most creative companies in the world. And The company embraces any marketing challenges on all levels: from any area of business, to any positioning, customer experience and communications. TBWA create solutions that set any business on a new growth path, using their Ddisruption toolkit proven in hundreds of client cases around the Wworld. The deployment of disruption helps galvanize diverse stakeholders in a focused and collaborative conversation in an effort to develop the biggest, sharpest, most fertile brand idea that will, in turn, inform what the brand believes, and how the brand behaves and communicates. This is an important differentiation in the TBWA approach. Disruption helps the agency network develop a creative strategy that will drive the brand’s overarching global success, without sacrificing local relevance. Conclusion The This global company does an excellent job into understanding the dynamics of the consumer in every market and also into delivering work that was test in every of the mentioned markets. In today’s world of media proliferation, fragmentation and convergence, clients benefit from TBWA’s leadership at a brand strategy level, as well as its stewardship of all marketing communication activities. And cClients stay at TBWA because of how the agency serves their soft needs. The global evidence is digital advertising which is more effective in engaging the consumer. Digital can have a lot of impact if you do it right. However, TBWA will still have to follow the objectives, moral conduit, ethical and legal activities to maintain itself as a leading voice into this industry. References Datamonitor (2010). Omnicom Group, Inc. SWOT Analysis, 1-11 McMains, A. (2009). TBWA. Brandweek, 50(1), 12-14. Press Release: TBWA Worldwide (2012). TBWA dominates four competitions at Campaign Asia-Pacific’s 2012 Agency of the Year Awards. Retrieved from http://finance.yahoo.com/news/tbwa-dominates-four-competitions-campaign-215500701.html TBWA ADVERTISING, INC. History. Retrieved from http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/tbwa-advertising-inc-history/ Select and research an advertising agency. You can choose a national or local agency. Write a 3-5 page overview and evaluation of the agency. Your evaluation should be written in two sections. The first section should describe the agency’s unique aspects, strengths, services, approach to marketing communications, specialties, client list, and so forth. The second section should be your opinion of the organization as a marketing communication firm. Include your perception of the organization.

Preparing the Populace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Preparing the Populace - Research Paper Example Another disadvantage is there exist many other related web pages of other organization which tend to be more luring to the attention of the public; hence the public do not get to know about FEMA (Jenkins and United States, 2010) Use of information booklets to pass information to the public is effective. This can be done by various agents of FEMA distributing the booklets to the public so that they can be informed about it (Burns, 2006). Another effective method is to reach the public by use of advertisements. Putting up advertisements in the media like on television and newspapers as well as journals is important (Burns, 2006). Putting up billboards is also an effective way of passing information since it will reach a wider audience. Putting up more mock rescue demonstrations in public institutions like colleges is effective. After this, they will inform the students or rather the audience involved about the group and they will know about

Sensory Analysis- Food Properties Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sensory Analysis- Food Properties - Assignment Example This technique is the most appropriate because it can analyze each pixel found on every food surface. It can also quantify the characteristics of the food’s surfaces and the defects that can possibly be on that surface. Different foods have different smells. This due to the different types of perfumes used during the manufacture of the foods. The perfumes used can be either natural or artificial. Natural perfumes can extract from natural sources where they are purified before they are added to the food. On the other hand, artificial sources are produced by mixing different naturally produced aroma together. This will produce different smell from the two natural sources (Gacula 2008). The taste cereals vary from one cereal to another. Tastes can be evaluated from sweet, bitter, sour, and salty. This is each cereal tastes differently from each other. This can be due to the natural sources or the different ways in which they are manufactured. Salty taste can be due to the salts added during processing of the cereal in the factory. Sweet taste is mainly caused by addition of sugary flavors to then cereal during manufacturing. Bitter and sour tastes are caused by addition of acidic flavors to then cereal. This will increase the acidic content of the cereal. Organic or inorganic amino acids are the one used to produce the sour tastes to then cereals (Gacula 2008). Color of every food can add flavor to it. Colors have different effects on cereals. Colors like red, can add sweetness to the cereals as compared to the dark colors. Colors also can be used to as a force of attraction to the customers. People are attracted by colors in different ways. When choosing the color to used in a particular food, people’s interests should be considered to ensure that food is highly marketed. One can be attracted by the way food is colored before they even taste that food (Jelen, 2012). Selection of panels to train as

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

E-commerce - Essay Example It is also based on the premise that competition is relentless and people are the most important raw materials (Morrison Institute). Today the internet is aggressively used as a channel for businesses both new and established ones; through entrepreneurial start-ups and corporate ventures. E-commerce firms are defined as those that derive a significant or rapidly growing proportion of their revenues from transactions over the internet but organizational and market phenomena have been just as influential as technology developments in the growth of e-commerce (Stace, Holtham & Courtney, 2001). Internet exchanges are beneficial not just for the customers or end users but it helps businesses to exchange and grow together. It is a platform to transact business, known as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) and customer-to-customer (C2C) and has definite advantages over the traditional way of transacting business (Amit & Zott, 2000). Many firms have failed to harness the benefits of online business even though the retail segment has picked up rapidly in the last few years. The debate continues whether ecommerce complements fixed store retailing or replaces existing channels, namely the clicks and bricks channels. E-retailing has been constantly undergoing a process of innovation which has caused a threat to the established retail and distribution channels. This new form of commerce is laden with information and enables companies to speed up activities and increase their scope. The external and internal factors influence the firm’s behavior and companies can differentially obtain advantage depending upon their ability to conduct business (Burt & Sparks, 2003). A failure to operate would allow competitors to surge ahead. E-commerce can help to transform the traditional tasks and activities and the associated costs within the retain channel. The activities that are affected are the sourcing of products, stoc kholding, inventory

Housing Act 2004 - Empty Dwellings Management Orders Essay

Housing Act 2004 - Empty Dwellings Management Orders - Essay Example If one were to quantify the cost of empty homes, it would essentially mean a loss of approximately  £8,000 per year for each empty property which remains empty for over six months. This loss coupled with the fact that the number of homeless families in England has been constantly on the rise has been effective in instituting legal changes in the form of the Empty Dwelling Management Order (EDMO). Instituted on July 6, 2006 the EDMO gives the Local Housing Authority (LHA) the right to possession of property that has been unoccupied for more than six months. In order to obtain an EDDO, the LHA must appear before a Residential Property Tribunal to obtain an EMDO and must ensure the Tribunal that: When an EDMO has been made, the LHA has the right to do anything they would normally do in the course of managing a property. This includes entering the property, inspecting it and making the necessary changes to ensure that it complies with the ordinances in effect. It does not entitle the LHA to ownership but it does prevent the owner from entering the property, using it or allowing another individual to use it while the EDMO is in force. In order gain a full understanding of the scope and ramifications of an EDMO, it is prudent that we distinguish between the types of EDMO. There are two types of EDMO—an interim EDMO and a final EDMO. An interim EDMO is an order which last for up to twelve months and it obligates the LHA to work with the property owner in order to return the property to a condition wherein it can be occupied for residential use. If during this time no agreement has been reached between the LHA and the owner, then a final EDMO is ordered. The final EDMO all ows the LHA to manage the property indefinitely. Before a final EDMO is ordered the LHA has to present the Tribunal with its seven-year plan for returning the property to a condition suitable for residential occupancy (Department for Communities and Local Government,

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 60

Essay Example Without printing, it would be too difficult to document the knowledge. Printing also improved the efficiency of writers, and thus more literature review in good shape was available to the researchers to develop the technology. Referencing played the role of a catalyst in the development of the information’s history as it encouraged scholars to conduct research as they would be remembered for their positive contributions towards the creation of knowledge in the times to come. Development of the history of information as well as all factors like writing, literacy, printing, and referencing, can fundamentally be attributed to the development of science because scientific knowledge was used to develop the tools and equipments need for printing, and writing etc. Public contributed to the development of information’s history by being the prime player in the field. Humans developed technology for personal, social, and political gains using all of the elements discussed above. For example, technology was developed to win the wars (Heilbroner

The Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

The Federal Reserve - Essay Example This paper seeks to analyze the role of the financial markets in economic wealth creation in the United States as well as three financial securities which include; stock shares, bonds, and treasury bills. Analyze the role financial markets play in creating economic wealth in the U.S. Financial markets have a significant role as far as the United States economy is concerned. Most importantly they aid in the creation of wealth through various ways. In line with this a major role of financial markets is the facilitation of transfer of funds from those who have surplus to those without. This basically means that funds are channeled to borrowers from lenders through systems and frameworks in the financial markets. Lenders spend small portions of their incomes while the rest is kept for savings while borrowers wish to spend more than their incomes. This makes it possible for funds to flow from the lenders to the borrowers. Financial markets provide an avenue through which finances move fro m lenders to borrowers. In financial markets financial instruments otherwise regarded as financial securities are instruments that facilitate the transfer of funds. Borrowers purchase the financial securities from lenders which acts a claim on future assets and incomes of the former. Therefore financial markets enable companies to obtain funds in a much easier for development and growth or rather for the exploitation of a new business idea. This processes therefore translates to the creation of wealth in the United States since private businesses, the government as well big companies can be able to engage in Investment activities as a result of readily available funds through the financial markets securities. Provide a general overview of each of the three (3) securities you chose. Be sure to include such information as name, company it represents (if applicable), pricing, and historical performance. Walmart Company makes use of financial securities to source funds and be able to co ntinue in business. Stock shares are financial securities that facilitate operations of this company in the financial markets in the United States. Stock shares enable investors to actually invest their funds in this company. Walmart company shares have in the past presented an investment image that is not that attractive to investors (Groz, 2009). Over the past decade the company traded its shares in the stock exchange market in New York with the price per share being $58.75. At the time the earnings yield per share was 2.54% which meant that investors received an earning per share of $1.49. Such a rate of return on Walmart’s shares was actually lees by a half of what an investor could have received if they invested in treasury bonds. In this case the United States treasury bonds had a much better deal for investors. The returns on shares did not account for payment of taxes after the distribution of dividends to the shareholders. Besides the use of treasury bonds, the Unite d States government issues treasury bills in order to be able to source funds to support its investments as well as other activities. Treasury bills securities are short term instruments whose maturity is usually on a quarterly, half year or annual basis (Valdez, 2002) The United States t

Leadership of General George S. Patton Essay Example for Free

Leadership of General George S. Patton Essay Leadership of General George S. Patton by Eugene V. Struzik III May 23, 2011 Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to explore the different leadership styles that General George S. Patton Jr. used throughout his life, (November 11, 1885 until December 21, 1945). General Patton is often thought of as one of the most controversial generals in history. This paper will concentrate on events that happened in his life and how his determination, will and hard work helped him overcome and became a better leader. It is evident that in a review of the research General Patton was able to achieve many his success by determination and hard work to be the best in everything that he set his mind to accomplish. He was never happy, except when he was given the challenge of commanding men into battle. General Patton was a leader, a warrior and the most feared General by the Germans. General George S. Patton was a man who is often referred to as a great general, and leader of men who was equally just as controversial. His career in the Army was often a struggle for him to advance and receive the recognition that he deserved. This paper will cover the leadership styles of General Patton during the early, then during World War I. Next it will cover World War II and finally I will give my opinion on the subject. George S. Patton, who was sometime called Georgie, was an average child with the hopes and dreams of becoming a great military leader like his Grandfather, Great-Grandfather and many of his other relatives (Regan, 1960). He worked hard with his academic career to tried to get into West Point the United States Military Academy, but he was not accepted at first. Not deterred by this set back, he went to Virginia Military Institute (VMI) for a year (Reda, 2004). Even though he was going to VMI, he continued tirelessly to get accepted into West Point. Finally Patton was accepted into West Point, but he found it far more challenging then he imagined it would. The major reason that he had difficulty with the studies was because he was suffering from dyslexia, a disorder that caused everything to look backwards (Reda, 2004). Although faced with these difficulties, George never gave up, even when he was forced to repeat his plebe year, due to poor academic performance. However this failure to progress only strengthened his resolve and determination to better. In an effort of almost memorizing everything from his textbooks, he was able to achieve an appointed Cadet Adjutant. Another area that he had an interest in was sports. He encourage the introduction of sports into the school as a way for men to stay focused on studies as appose to getting in trouble (Regan, 1960). His efforts lead to the creation of the first football team and the fencing team. He felt that sport would help him and his classmate overcome the boredom of every day life at West point. In addition, it would help them overcome physical challenges through determination and it would teach them sportsmanship. In an amazing testament to hard work and preservation, George Patton graduated from West Point. Although he did not graduate at the top of his class, he was ranked number 46 out of 103, which is amazing considering the fact that he failed his first year in the Academy. He was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant and assigned to the US Calvery. It was also during this time in Pattons life that he would marry his beautiful and wealthy wife, Beatrice Ayer. Her father was not fond of her marring a military man, because he felt that this would keep his daughter far away from her family. In fact her father, Frederick Ayer, offered George a job in the family business if he would just resign his commission in the Army. However, that was not something that George Patton, was able to do. He was living his dream of being an officer in the United States Army. Georges determination and hard work would reach a high point when he participated in the 1912 Olympics. Although George was not a natural athlete, he simply did what he always did work twice as hard as everyone else in an effort to be better than everyone else. It was his will and his desire to be the best that propelled him into getting fifth place during the Olympics. This raw determination to achieve a goal and accomplish the task ahead would become his trademark. Once again George Pattons determination and desire to excel paid off. Lieutenant Patton was able to get a position as an aide to General Blackjack Pershing during the Punitive Expedition. The interesting thing about this appointment was General Pershing was not taking people to his staff. In fact, it was a letter that Lieutenant Patton wrote to General Pershing requesting to be considered for an appointment to the Generals staff that gave George the opportunity of a lifetime. Here he would learn what it took to be a good Calvary Officer and he would make important contact that would serve him well in the future. This leads into the second main point of this paper, which is Patton emerging into a leader. It is 1917, and the United States has just declared war on Germany. Patton got another chance to serve under General Blackjack Pershing. Pershing gave Patton a promotion to the rank of Captain and appointed him the Tank commander for the American troops. This was not an easy task for Captain Patton, since he had to develop a training program, and tactics for the new technological advancement of the tank. This was Pattons first leadership challenge that would set the tone for how he dealt with all of the other challenges in his life. He was the first tank commander (Reagan, 1960), with this job he took on the daunting task of creating the first Tank Command in Europe. Patton single-handedly created the, the AEF Tank Training Center. He created the, the ideas, the tactics, the design, the uniforms, the procedures. Virtually, everything that was done came from Patton (Reda, 2004). Patton realized the need for training and the benefit that he would get on the battle field. Drawing from his own experience, Patton viewed the tank as the calvary of the future. It would be during this First World War that he would develop many of his leadership skills. As was pointed out by Captain VonShell, Instill a sense of security in the men, by so doing you will help them overcome their fears (1933, p. 17). Patton exemplified this behavior, by being the first person to ride on a tank for in combat even though there was machine gun fire raining down on him (Reda,

Significant Nutrition Problems Essay Example for Free

Significant Nutrition Problems Essay 1. List 3 significant nutrition problems associated with obesity in young children and adolescents. Cite references.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Three significant nutrition problems associated with childhood and adolescent obesity are hypothyroidism, type II diabetes, and dyslipidemia (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007). Hypothyroidism is the failure of the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones which is caused by certain nutrition problems such as increased cholesterol levels and low serum sodium. Type II diabetes is a condition wherein the body fails to properly utilize insulin due to the increase in glucose. Finally, dyslipidemia is a condition characterized by high blood cholesterol and increased triglycerides mainly due to consumption of foods high in fat (United States National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, 2008). Factors that increase iron deficiency in older adults.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Among older adults, there are several factors that increase the occurrence of iron deficiency. These include the diet, age, and physical condition. Basically as people age, their physical abilities wear down, such as losing their teeth, and they tend to consume less food. As a result, the amount of iron in their body goes down. Another major factor is internal bleeding which is usually caused by tumors and ulcers among old people (KomoTV, 2008). When old people bleed, they lose iron and this eventually leads to iron deficiency. Food and Nutrition Information Center   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Basically, the difference between the food pyramid of old people and the food pyramid of children is that in the former there is more emphasis on the intake of foods that have more fiber and vitamins and less calories such as fruits and vegetables while the latter focuses more on whole grain foods and also fruits and vegetables. I believe that any older adult or child can adhere to the guidelines set by the pyramid because it is basically easy to follow. The only thing that hinders children from following the pyramid is the lack of guidance from parents while in older adults, there is lack of discipline. Otherwise, I believe that any person, no matter how young or old he or she is can follow these guidelines and be able to live a healthy life.   References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2007). Obesity and Overweight. Retrieved April 24, 2008 from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/faq.htm. KotoTV.com. (2008). Iron Deficiency. Retrieved April 24, 2008 from http://ww3.komotv.com/global/story.asp?s=1230142. United States Department of Agriculture. (2008). Dietary Guidance: Food Guide Pyramid. Food and Nutrition Information Center. Retrieved April 24, 2008 from http://fnic.nal.usda.gov/nal_display/index.php?info_center=4tax_level=2tax_subject=256topic_id=1348. United States National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health. (2008). High blood cholesterol and triglycerides. MedlinePlus. Retrieved April 24, 2008 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000403.htm. United States National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health. (2007). Hypothyroidism. MedlinePlus. Retrieved April 24, 2008 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000353.htm. United States National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health. (2007). Type 2 diabetes. MedlinePlus. Retrieved April 24, 2008 from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000313.htm.

Impact Of Outward Bound Singapore Sport Essay

Impact Of Outward Bound Singapore Sport Essay What is outward Bound Outward Bound believe in reaching out to people who constantly seek to challenge themselves people with the will to chase their dreams and the zest to drive others forward. Through a wide range of fun and unique activities, Outward Bound brings out the dynamics of teamwork and drives people to go beyond themselves. Outward Bound believes that no obstacles are insurmountable as long as we work together. Outward Bound Singapore is part of global network of Outward Bound centres and is recognised locally and internationally as a leader in outdoor education and adventure learning. Outward bound is a learning adventure one that impels you to discover more about your inner self as it challenges your body, mind and soul to respond to an unfamiliar journey. It inculcates both mental and physical ruggedness and enables you to be more adaptable to changes and unafraid of the unknown. It also fosters teamwork and prepares you for the service of the larger community. OBS believe that while life slices and values may be taught in the classroom, they only gain true meaning through real life experiences. Through direct and purposeful outdoor experiences, OBS facilitate their trainees to face adventures and move beyond their personal boundaries to discover themselves. How Outward Bound (OB) was developed OB was established in 1941 in UK. Outward Bounds outdoor education courses are based on the principles learnt from training young British seamen to survive in the North Atlantic Ocean during the second world war. It was inspired by Dr. Kurt Hahn who was a German educator. Dr. Kurt Hahn recognized the needs of Lawrence Holt who is the head of the Blue Funnel Shipping Line which was a merchant shipping company. During World War II, when Blue Funnle Shipping Line was hit by German torpedoes the new seamen from Blue Funnle Shipping Line could not endure the surroundings in the lifeboat as compared to the sophisticated seamen Hahn felt that not having enough life experience might be the reason for the Blue Funnle Shipping line to be unable to endure the conditions in the boat during World War II. The German experienced seamen learnt a lot of piratical skills and they also knew how to handle a difficult situation which enabled them to have more confidence and ability to cope with the demanding challenges. Enhancing the young people confidence and the capacity to cope with life was the main intention of the intensity and mini-life experiences of outward bound To discover his students true capabilities through life experience that would help them find their greater capabilities, was one of Hahns philosophies. The name Outward Bound was given by Lawrence Holt. Outward Bound is used to refer to the flag Papa, flown on a ship when it was soon to leave port. It would be a signal to the sailors to return to the ship if the Outward Bound flag was flying. Outward Bound literally refers to the moment a ship leaves the harbour. This symbology remains important in Outward Bound, and participants on courses in many Outward Bound schools today receive a pin lapel of the flag papa. History of Outward Bound Singapore (OBS) In 1967, the idea of an Outward Bound School of Singapore (OBSS) was suggested by the Minister of the Interior and Defence and Deputy Chairman of the Peoples Association, Dr. Goh Keng Swee. Then, the nation was going through a period of uncertainty and to face challenges ahead, Singapores leaders had called for the building of a rugged society. The original school was started by two New Zealanders Hamish Thomas and Al Cameron in December 1967. It began with the objectives that still form the basis of the OBS today: To provide education, leadership and character training; developing the physical, mental and spiritual faculties of boys, girls, young men and women of all races of Singapore. The management of OBS was moved from the Peoples Association to the Ministry of Defence (Mindef) in 1971. Besides providing adventure training and leadership training to young men and women, it was an avenue to give ordinary Singaporeans a taste of military life. OBS was returned to the Peoples Association in 1991 and the school was been renamed Outward Bound Singapore. The aim of the school was to offer Singapores young people exciting activities to develop their physical and mental ruggedness, personal confidence and leadership qualities. What is OBS mission vision, motto and core values? MISSION To develop character, leadership skills and team spirit through direct and purposeful experience in the outdoors VISION To be a world-class Outward Bound centre for outdoor education and leadership development OBS MOTTO To serve, to strive and not to yield Their core values are: Safety Minded Safety is the foundation of the OBS. We are committed to the highest safety standard in whatever we do. Teamwork We contribute individually and as a team to achieve our vision and mission. Professionalism We strive for integrity and excellence in our work and conduct. To be the best in our field of contributions. Learning Driven We constantly challenge ourselves towards new areas of improvements and growth. People Centred We value our staff. We recognise good performance of our staff and are committed to developing them to their fullest potential. Customer Focused We value our customers and commit ourselves to constantly deliver excellent quality service. We strive to meet and exceed expectations. OBSs target group OBS does not only target youths, it is for everyone. With the wide range of courses, there will be something for everyone at OBS. OBS courses is customized to meet the society needs. Outward Bound Singapore target groups can be categorized into: Professionals, Youths, Kids and Family and for outdoor enthusiasts. Professionals In the corporate arena, leadership is the key to success and teamwork is essential to getting things done better, faster and more efficiently Many corporate leaders need to hone their ability to lead and motivate their teams. Through OBSs specially designed programmes, they will have the perfect opportunity to unleash their true potential and take themselves and their team to new heights. For executives looking to grow in the areas of leadership, team-building and change management, OBSs Professional Development Programmes (PDP) has a range of course that will help equip them with skills to overcome future challenges. Youths At OBS, they believe in helping young people make the most of their potential. Through learning-driven outdoor activities including rafting, kayaking and climbing guided by OBSs professional instructors, they give youths the opportunity to challenge themselves and develop valuable life skills. Step out of the classroom and venture beyond the textbook For kids and family OBS offers customised programmes for students aimed at fostering independence and interdependence life skills. Making use of outdoor experience such as camping, trekking, raft building, rock climbing and more, these programmes give children the opportunity to learn from each other and develop leadership qualities early in life. In addition, OBSs family programmes are designed to maximise quality time together for parents and children in which emotional bonds and family ties can be strengthened. When it comes to nurturing future leaders, an early start goes a long way. For Outdoor Enthusiasts Whether youre a newcomer to the great outdoors or an experienced outdoor leader, OBS has training programme which will hone your skills and enhance your development Nothing makes for a better outdoor experience than total confidence in your skills. OBSs Programmes OBS programmes are designed to be physically and mentally rugged, the programmes utilise the outdoor settings to develop character, values, mental ruggedness and a community spirit. By allowing them to learn through focused discussions and practical applications within fun environment, OBSs programmes complement what the participants have learnt in schools to provide them with a complete learning experience. Some programmes offered by OBS are: Character and leadership programmes Global programmes Special programmes/Youth-At-Risk Character Leadership Programmes OBS Youth Programmes are drawn out to attract the youth with an action-packed blend of adventures and surprises. Youths develop competencies such as self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, relationship management and responsible decision making as they move progressively through challenging problem-solving activities and expeditions. Orientation Induction Programmes Esprit de Corps My Outward Bound Journey A Leaders Journey Orientation Induction Programmes Esprit de Corps The Orientation Induction Programmes aims to build greater understanding and cohesion, school or class spirit in newly formed school cohorts. This programme focuses on self and team discovery. In Primary four and Secondary One, the students are relatively new to each other. In order to build greater understanding, cohesion, class spirit and strong bonds between the class mates, there is a special designed programme which is specially made for them, which is called â€Å"Camp Discovery.† Character Development Programmes My Outward Bound Journey Outward bound programmes is not only an outdoor adventure, it sis essentially an inward odyssey. It helps an individual to find out about his or her capabilities or potential and also learn to improve personal and leadership qualities. Character building, teamwork , dealing with the unfamiliar, familiarity with Challenge, Initiative, Tenacity and Personal Mastery are what one can gain from My Outward Bound Journey. Leadership Development Programmes A Leaders Journey By developing the key characteristics and competencies of an effective leader, one can be equip with the knowledge and skills of leadership through A Leaders Journey by OBS. The leadership Development not only allows personal growth but as well as acquirement of team management skills. Numerous leadership theories are included in each module and can be included in the Primary Four syllabus. Characteristics and styles of a leader and models of leadership are also used in the programme. Global programmes OBS also has overseas programmes. They have partnered with overseas Outward Bound and adventure centres to bring richness of an overseas experience to the participants. These overseas programmes are designed to give our youth a global outlook in life. OBS aim to inculcate: An Adventurous Spirit An adventurous spirit is basically helping youths to: Accept and overcome challenges and obstacles. Discover new horizons. Go beyond their limits. An Enterprising Spirit Help youths to: Knowledge the value of teamwork, trust, mutual support, leadership in decision making and problem solving skills. Become resourceful and creative. An International Perspective To help youths to: Knowledge the richness of culture, social and economic diversity available in other countries. The reason why OBS started the Global Programmes was because they wanted to give young people exposure to foreign cultures and environments. Each programme helps youths in building confidence, leadership, tenacity and other personal attributes aimed at helping youths develop a more adventurous and enterprising attitude. Through a global disclosure the Global Programmes are intended to give youth a global outlook in life, aimed to inculcate an adventurous enterprising spirit, and cultivate an international perspective. Participants can anticipate an experience that ranges from 8 to 26 days in an abroad centre. The programmes are categorized into series of the Adventure Challenge Courses. Adventure Challenge A Global Perspectives Classic 21-Day Challenge The ultimate of OB Experience Other Customised Programmes Adventure Challenge A Global Perspective OBS takes secondary and tertiary students on an exhilarating Outward Bound journey to Sabah, Perak, Brunei Darussalam, India, Mongolia, Philippines, Croatia, Taiwan and Australia for Adventure Challenge programme. Having severe expeditions in deep snow conditions in South Korea, Japan and China is a challenge that will be faced by the student leaders given by OBS. Awareness of personal and group goal-setting, planning and coordinating as a group, team development and personal leadership styles are skills that will be developed in the participants through the disclosure to unknown tropical and winter environments. Classic 21-Day Challenge The ultimate of OB Experience To help young adults realize their potential, a mentally and physically demanding course that features a range of activities and challenges are designed. The surrounding islands of Singapore and the rural environment of Pulau Ubin is the classroom of the classic 21-day Outward Bound programme. The programme uses the journey concept and allows participants to experience an array of elements and multi-expeditions which keep them on the move most of the time. It will help participants develop their personal attributes and contribution in the context of a group while also exploring their leadership potential. Other Customised Programmes OBS is specialized character development and/or leadership development and team development. OBS alter programmes just to meet the precise needs of their customers. Before arriving at the final conclusion of the programme design, OBS works with their clients to establish objectives, expectations and desired outcome. These programmes can be targeted at explicit profile groups such as Gifted Education groups, Integrated Programme schools, International schools, Specialized Independent schools, School Staff Training (Teachers/ HODs /Principal) and many more. Sharing by two students who have attended Outward Bound Singapores Global programmes: â€Å"Ill definitely remember this Outward Bound Course for life because it has given me immense satisfaction. The safety precautions are all kept in check, and I have never once felt that my safety has been compromised. It has indeed been a fruitful experience, and it has helped in shaping my character and building up my ability to adapt to different situations and face greater challenges in my personal, academic and work life.† Tong Pei Shan, undergraduate (after completing her South Africa programme) â€Å"I have learnt that as we step out of our comfort zone, we adapt to our new environment and grow stronger in the process, if we were to stay in our comfort zone, we can never be successful in life. This programme to Australia has left great impact on me and I learnt a lot in the 10 days and this is something that cannot be achieved in the classrooms.† Chen Libo. Hwa Chong Institution (after completing his Australia programme) Special programmes/Youth-At-Risk OBS does not only cater to normal youth but also there are programmes that help youths who needs special needs and youths who had once gone through a bad phase in life (youths that had done things which are against the law). The special programmes are: Youth at risk programmes Special needs programme These programmes are developed by using programming principles based on psychology and social work research. Youth at Risk Programmes These altered programmes are made to help the youth to learn and know more about themselves. Development of life skills and promotion of healthy lifestyles, attitudes and perspectives are also achieved by these programmes. Basically what this programme aims to do is to instil this phrase in them, â€Å"a difficult past does not mean a difficult future.† These programmes might give the youths a fast and good solution on the spot but rather it is helping them to create opportunities to help them discover that the solution they are seeking for is found within themselves and no one else. Special Needs Programmes In these programme, the participants may have an intellectual disability, learning disability and or a physical disability. Through this programme these participants with special needs can experience what outdoor is. They will also be able to build self confidence and develop life skills like teamwork, communication and leadership. Below are some comments shared by the special need programmes participants: â€Å" Dont give up easily, persevere, be patient, cooperate†¦and only we can overcome our fear. There is no way we can overcome our fear if we dont want to, no matter how much our friends or parents or others encourage us, if we dont want to overcome it, we cant.† â€Å" I learnt that I should be more cooperative towards others and when we make mistakes, the issue is that we should learn how to admit it, learn from it and dont repeat it again†. â€Å"I learned life lessons its our CHOICE, our LIFE. Learn to walk out of DARKNESS.† Conclusion OBS helps people discover and develop their potential to care for themselves, others and the world around them through challenging experiences in unfamiliar settings. â€Å"OBS nurtures the youths to be physically and mentally strong. They develop self-confidence, resilience, leadership and teamwork. They are instilled with the resolve to strive and succeed, and the sense of responsibility to give back to the society. Through the ruggedness of the OBS course, inner strength is built up and values vital to the success of our nation are imbued.† Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong The question is how does OBS benefit the society? The answer is by instilling values in them, by teaching them beyond the classroom. The sense of community service, teamwork, self-confidence, discipline and values inculcated during OBS course are very important for an individual to have. OBS does not only help youths, it helps the whole society; everyone, from young to middle age to old and even special children (having any kind of disability). One of OBSs target groups is the corporate world. In the corporate world there will be new challenges everyday and we will need good leaders to lead. Not only do we need a good leader but a good team who can work well with each other and have the â€Å"never give up† attitude to overcome any obstacles. Outward Bound Singapore does help companies with this; Outward Bound Singapores programmes will have the perfect opportunity to unleash the leaders true potential and take themselves and their team to new heights. Instilling values in oneself is never too early. OBS programmes for kids and family instil leadership qualities in the kids who will one day go into the working world and apply their values that they have learned in OBS. Not only that, OBS strengthens the bond between the family members too. There is more to learn outside the classroom. Outward Bound Singapore gives the society these opportunities to learn and instil the values which will be life-long and priceless values. They help individuals to overcome their fears, challenge themselves, instil values like perseverance, confidence, discipline, teamwork and also unleash their potential. All these do benefit the society, it benefits every individual who goes for the Outward Bound Singapore course and I think it will be a life changing experience if one were to go for OBSs course. OBS is indeed an organization that makes a difference in the society and gets a youth ready for anything in life. Below are some appreciation shown to OBS by some principals. The reason for putting this in this report is to show how much of a difference can OBS make in the society. Its very good programmes organised by OBS for my staff. We enjoyed and picked up some learning points that will be very useful for all of us. Mr Yap Juye Long, Principal, Yuhua Secondary School I enjoyed the morning at OBS very much. I appreciate the meaningful work and experience at OBS. Good place for my staff too. Miss Yap Wah Choo, Principal, Nanyang Girls High School Thank You OBS for your hospitality and for being our long-term partner in nurturing our sec 3 students each year, imparting the mental resilience they will need to succeed at their ‘O levels and in life. Mrs Tan Ming Fern, Vice-Principal, Tanjong Katong Girls School By the sharing of the principals and the special children (mentioned earlier in the report) experience from what they have learnt in OBS I hope we all can see how important is or rather how huge impact does Outward Bound Singapore does on an individual which makes up the society. I would like to end of the report by two sharing which is by Mr Lui Tuck Yew and Outward Bound International (OBI) â€Å"This is an important programme because it contributes to how we prepare our young well for the future. Prepare them well and we prepare Singapore well for the challenges ahead.† RAdm (NS) Lui Tuck Yew, Minister of State, Ministry of Education â€Å"As one of the longest established Outward Bound centres worldwide, your training programmes have contributed to the development of leadership, character and team spirit of Singapores youth and future leaders. OB Singapore has been a model global citizen, always willing and able to offer assistance across borders in many ways.† G. Kelly ODea, Chairman of the Board, Outward Bound International References: http://www.outwardbound.org.au/index2.php?option=com_contentdo_pdf=1id=1 http://wilderdom.com/outwardbound/ob.html http://www.obs.pa.gov.sg/1145960592565/1150181215714.html http://www.obs.pa.gov.sg/1216716473248.html http://www.obs.pa.gov.sg/1216716476527.html Magazines

Buddhism Essay -- essays research papers

Before Buddha had started teaching, many people were ignorant of their feelings and could not understand a lot of their senses. Before Buddha, people suffered without understanding why. Buddha taught people how to release themselves from this daily suffering. They learned that the pathway to self-righteousness was bordered with the release from suffering. Buddha’s way of life has benefited the whole world because now people can choose to understand why we are suffering, and how we can be released from it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the depths of India in C.563 b.c., a child was born. His parents named him Siddartha Guatama, and it was prophesized that he would one day become a universal emperor or teacher. Siddartha’s father was a wealthy ruler of an important tribe called “shakya';1 Young Siddartha spent his early life enclosed within the walls of the palace, where he was sheltered from anything but luxury, and serenity. He was not satisfied with only material possessions. Siddartha felt like he needed something else in his life. So he pleaded to his father that he could become a follower of the polytheistic religion that was at that time the only religion in India. When his father refused, Siddartha stood in one place for days on end, until his father agreed. So Siddartha left his enclosed palace and set out on his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not long after he started ... Buddhism Essay -- essays research papers Before Buddha had started teaching, many people were ignorant of their feelings and could not understand a lot of their senses. Before Buddha, people suffered without understanding why. Buddha taught people how to release themselves from this daily suffering. They learned that the pathway to self-righteousness was bordered with the release from suffering. Buddha’s way of life has benefited the whole world because now people can choose to understand why we are suffering, and how we can be released from it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the depths of India in C.563 b.c., a child was born. His parents named him Siddartha Guatama, and it was prophesized that he would one day become a universal emperor or teacher. Siddartha’s father was a wealthy ruler of an important tribe called “shakya';1 Young Siddartha spent his early life enclosed within the walls of the palace, where he was sheltered from anything but luxury, and serenity. He was not satisfied with only material possessions. Siddartha felt like he needed something else in his life. So he pleaded to his father that he could become a follower of the polytheistic religion that was at that time the only religion in India. When his father refused, Siddartha stood in one place for days on end, until his father agreed. So Siddartha left his enclosed palace and set out on his own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not long after he started ...

Paul Bernardo :: essays research papers

Paul Bernardo The urge shot through the mans body, uncontrollable, like sharks in a feeding frenzy. He could only quench his feverish desires by carrying out unspeakable devilish acts. The victim didn't matter, no thought was given to any implications of the satanic rituals. Several times Bernardo resorted to defecating of human beings in order to satisfy his sick and abnormal urges. Paul Bernardo's lustful and diverted sexual desires sprouted from the influence of pornography. Pornography caused him to fixate on anal intercourse, and violent, dominant sex. Pornography also played a large role in his lust for younger virgins, and the ever apparent satomasifism as seen on tape. Paul Bernardo, during his teenage years became slowly infatuated with women mostly because of his obsession with porn films. At the time film was enough to feed his growing desire for kinky sex. He was content to just watch and not act out what he saw on the videos. Through the steady diet of grotesque video's he became of aware of the type of women he wanted through what he saw. He lusted a women who was submissive and eager to please. This was the beginning of his abnormal sexual behavior. One year out of high school, Paul began his journey into the world of sexual control were he dated a sixteen year old high school student. This girl perfectly fit the description of Pauls ideal in being naive and unsophisticated. Over the three and one half years Paul was with her he used her like his personal sex toy. Throughout the entire relationship he convinced her that what they were doing was acceptable behavior. An example of his acceptable behavior was wrapping a piece of twine around her neck while he sodomized her. The twine only satisfied Bernardo for a time. Later, a knife became part of his "kit." These mercenary acts were all influenced by porno films. Paul became aroused with the power to be the master in his sexual acts and he couldn't get enough. One night in October of 1993 Paul seemed to be a magnet to Karla Homoka. The minute the two met, there relationship set off like a missile. Karla suffered love at first sight, with his looks, charm and maturity she couldn't go wrong. Karla was just the type of women Bernardo desired. She was good-looking, had a great body was naive and trusting, someone he could control, dominate and use as his personal sex toy. There sex life fired into action and the two were constantly searching for new adventures. The pair began having anal sex with

Sophies World Outline

Chapter 4: The Natural Philosophers Charles Williams Madison Smith Anisha Jagannthan introduction: The idea that nothing can come from nothing is introduced. Sophie questions whether all things come from a basic element. She learned that things in nature are in a constant state of transformation. Is there a beginning of everything? What do you believe it to be? introduction: The idea that nothing can come from nothing is introduced. Sophie questions whether all things come from a basic element. She learned that things in nature are in a constant state of transformation. Is there a beginning of everything? What do you believe it to be? Yanotan Zelink I. event one A. Sophie receives a letter containing three new questions. Which she contemplates an entire day before getting another packet with a letter explaining to her that the philosophy course will be going from ancient Greek philosophy up to present day philosophy. B. She learns that the ancient Greeks believed the world was eternal. The earliest Greek Philosophers are sometimes called natural philosophers because they were mainly concerned with the natural world and its processes† (30). So, they never asked about where it came from. Instead they were interested in the question of change. C. The Tao of Physics II. event two A. The debate â€Å"what are we made of? † is raised. Early philosophers shared a belief that there had to be a certain basic substance at the root of all change. B. While some natural phi losophers believed that everything was made of water, others believed they were made of air. Earth, air, and fire were all necessary the creation of life† (33). C. Human-Aesthetic Perfection Song & Lyrics III. event three A. All Things Flow- â€Å"Everything is in constant flux and movement, nothing is abiding. Therefore we ‘cannot step twice into the river. ’†(34)- Heraclitus B. Heraclitus states the world is made of opposites- we would not appreciate one thing if we did not experience the other. C. A Healthy Transformation by Dr. Jeffery McCombs IV. conclusion A. As Sophie thinks about all of this, she concludes that one cannot learn philosophy. They can only learn how to think like a philosopher. V. journal questions A. If you were to come up with your own philosophy about life and what we’re made of, what would it be? Explain your philosophy. B. Other than physical aspects of a human, such as bones or basic elements, what would you say humans are made of emotionally or philosophically? Why? C. If there was only good in the world and no bad, how would it be and how would the outcome affect the world?

How Have Western Views of Knowledge Changed over Time Essay

Throughout history, cultures have held disparate views on the nature of knowledge. Epistemology, the branch of philosophy that focuses on basic questions such as: â€Å"What is knowledge? How do we know what we know? †, lies at the heart of these views. In Western culture, the answers to these basic questions have changed markedly over time. Throughout history, this evolution in philosophy has been inextricably linked to science and religion. Much of Western thought has been heavily influenced by the philosophy of the Ancient Greeks. In particular, the epistemological views of the Ancient Greeks dominated Western thought for centuries. Of all the Greek philosophers, Plato was one of the most influential. In his most famous work The Republic, Plato used the Allegory of the Cave to describe the role of sensory perception in knowledge acquisition. In his analogy, Plato described a cave in which people were chained down in such a way that prevented them from looking anywhere but forward. Behind them was a fire and in front of them was a wall that reflected shadows from that fire. The prisoner’s captors manipulated these shadows to create forms and stories. The forms and stories that the prisoners saw were the only reality that they knew. Eventually the prisoners left the cave and found true reality outside. It was only then that the prisoners understood that what they had perceived until this moment was a false perception. The Allegory of the Cave served to illustrate Plato’s epistemological views. Today, we describe Plato’s philosophical views as rationalist. He argued against reliance on sensory experience because he believed that it failed to provide us with any guarantee that what we experience was, in fact, true. He believed that the information we get by relying on sensory experience is constantly changing and often unreliable. It can be evaluated only by appealing to higher principles that do not change. In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato was comparing our sensory perception to the shadows on the wall of the cave. Plato saw us as the chained prisoners unable to know anything but this false reality. Only by leaving the cave and ascending to higher orders of thought are we able to know true reality. Implicit in this view was the belief that true knowledge cannot be found through empirical investigation. According to Plato, empirical knowledge was merely opinion. Only thought and abstract reasoning could produce true knowledge. The rationalist view of epistemology dominated much of Western thought for centuries. Eventually, progress in science during the Renaissance changed this. One of the first to change these dominant views was Andreas Vesalius. In 1543, Vesalius published De Humanis Corporis Fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body), an elaborately illustrated atlas of human anatomy. While Vesalius’ published work had significant historical importance in the field of medicine, his most enduring legacy was his revolutionary challenge of the medical conventions of his day. For centuries, physicians had relied on reading texts from Galen for medical knowledge rather than participating in the direct dissection of human corpses. Vesalius promoted the practice of dissection and hands on experience. By overthrowing the Galenic tradition and relying on his own observations, Vesalius was advocating an empirical understanding of the human body. This shift from rationalism to empiricism became one of the defining characteristics of the Scientific Revolution. In direct contrast to rationalism, empiricism emphasized the acquisition of knowledge through direct observation and experiment. Empiricism not only encouraged but required reliance on our senses. This was in direct opposition to Plato’s epistemological view that had dominated for a millennium. This shift from Plato’s rationalism to scientific empiricism had significant ramifications for philosophy. While before this time there had always been collaboration between science and philosophy and religion, there had been no real distinction between them. Now, empirical knowledge served as a way of testing philosophical knowledge. This would ultimately lead to their incompatibility and their eventual separation. This separation is largely attributed to Galileo, one of the major figures during the Scientific Revolution. Even in his time, Galileo was a renown scientist and a philosopher. While he relied heavily on empirical methods in his studies of physics and astronomy, he also depended on rational thinking in his use of mathematics. It was through his combined use of empirical observations and rational thought that he confirmed the Copernican view that the sun was the center of the universe. However, the Copernican heliocentric worldview conflicted with the dominant geocentric view espoused by philosophers from the time of Aristotle. Making matters even more complicated was the fact that philosophers couched this dispute as a religious matter arguing that a heliocentric worldview went against the teachings of the Bible. As the geocentric view had been adopted by the church, the heliocentric worldview was branded as heresy. Galileo, certain of the physical truth of his heliocentric paradigm and at the same time devout in his religious beliefs, worked to reconcile this conflict by divorcing the church from â€Å"purely physical matters, where faith is not involved. By working to separate science, philosophy, and religion, Galileo was attempting to reestablish the compatibility of science and religion. Despite Galileo’s attempts, the conflict between scientific and religious worldviews is still evident today. The epistemological tradition of today has created a dominant worldview based on evidence. As during the time of Galileo, this worldview has at times conflicted with widely held religious beliefs. This divide, empiricism vs. faith, has become an increasingly prominent conflict in American politics. A recent announcement by GOP presidential candidate, Rick Perry highlights this divide. Rick Perry recently publicly declared his disbelief in the theory of evolution in favor of intelligent design. The theory of evolution is an explanation of the origin of life widely supported across numerous scientific disciplines. Though science and empiricism overwhelming supports the theory of evolution, it does not largely accepted by the populace. The controversial nature of evolution has emerged because, once again, a â€Å"purely physical matter† has been politicized as a religious matter. Rick Perry’s views on evolution illustrate a larger phenomenon in U. S. politics. That is, views regarding the evolution/intelligent design conflict tend to be politically divided. Intelligent design or faith based arguments are generally forwarded by conservative Republicans such as Rick Perry. Evidence based empirical arguments, such as evolution, are championed by liberal Democrats. Science has become political as conservatives are aligned with religion.

High School Analogy Essay

A newly bought camera, one that gives the buyer satisfaction, yet a strange tingling feeling of unfamiliarity with a pinch of nervousness and fear. Now there’s a high school freshman feeling the very same thing looking at a new environment; strangely a camera and high school have a comparable relationship, with very obvious difference and . One such similarity, is that when a student takes their first few strides into the usual two storey building, it resembles him taking his very first picture. Both individuals new and inexperienced, every move is made with caution afraid of what the outcome could be. Perhaps, an embarrassing moment? A broken camera?. Both face criticism inside lowering their inner confidence, he looks at his photographs often ranking them poorly, while she looks at some of her peers judgmentally and the same comes back to her. Another comparison, looks at the ever-changeable lens on the camera representing her ever-changing views on the present and future. An extending lens that looks ahead at the long road that is yet to be journeyed through and short, stubble ones they may remind her of the moment she is in. As she gets comfortable and more confident, the student is met by a whirlwind of opportunities. Each chance that walks past, she begins to see a new path, some that are very clear and some that are not in focus since it seems so far away. As days pass, she begins to see those opportunities in a new light, stopping more often to think and bring it into focus. The buyer also now picks up his camera casually like it belongs in hands just a ring belong on a finger. As an image comes into focus on the screen and her visual mind, the moment is captured in that very time, and stored in their memory. One being natural and the other digital. Finally, when the time comes to buy a new camera or move forward, both him and her view life more positively, raising their head in pride. As the chapter of high school, and his very first camera approaches its close, they take their experiences with them and move on to a firmer ground where the environment is a very familiar one. Their previous chapters soon become forgotten as life leads them elsewhere, but the memories remain, once in awhile reminding them of that one time and they don’t fade unless you willingly reach for the

The all-terrain vehicle-Polaris RZR XP 1000 EPS Ad Essay

The all-terrain vehicle-Polaris RZR XP 1000 EPS ad in a sports magazine is well placed. The ad is intentionally put in the magazine targeting sport enthusiasts or anyone looking for information about the same. The ad in particular targets those who and or would like to engage in off-road races with the intention of convincing them to purchase the product for the same. The ad achieves success with its audience in various ways as described in the document (Polaris Rzr, 11). The ad makes use of a variety of colors with the notable ones being the White Colour of the product-Polaris, with black wheels placed against a brown background of a desert. Red and Silver are also visible with the name of the product being written with the former against a background of the latter. A red background is also used to display the varieties in the products in this case Blue and Red colored vehicles. A uniform font is used in the words with the size of the same being used interchangeably where the name of the product has the biggest font with the details a small font. The ad utilizes plain folks in this case two riders shown while in action with the product (Polaris Rzr, 11) See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay On the language in the ad, the word â€Å"thrill† has connotations of fun and a good must have product. â€Å"New† on the other hand has the denotation of the product having been non-existent in the market. Jargon is also part of the language used in the ad; the product is described as RZR XP 1000 EPS. The ad uses poetic devices one being analogy where performance of the product is described as â€Å"razor sharp.† Repetition is also used for emphasis in describing the product as â€Å"the all- new new 2015 Polaris† (Polaris Rzr, 11). The ad has a logic appeal in this case on authority expressed in pronouncing the manufacturers as â€Å"#1 brand.† Also, there is an emotional appeal in this case on fun with the use of word â€Å"thrill.† The character appeal in the ad is on status in this case â€Å"razor- sharp performance† (Polaris Rzr, 11). The claims in the ad help in reinforcement. One of the claims is on the value with the product being labeled as being from â€Å"the #1 brand.† Another claim in value is on â€Å"delivering ultimate combination of power.† The tone in the ad is such that it is meant to convince the buyer as there is the belief in value by the product manufacturers’ being â€Å"never satisfied until we’ve redefined razor-sharp performance† (Polaris Rzr, 11). There is fallacy in using a false analogy to compare the performance of the product in this case a vehicle to a razor. It begs the question what a razor has in similarity with a vehicle whose main aspect should be on speed (Polaris Rzr, 11). In conclusion, the ad achieves its purpose as with a first glance, any motor sports racing enthusiast and in particular off –road racers will be captivated. Though the ad utilizes jargon in the description, the image of the vehicle in action has a very convincing emotional appeal to the consumers. The ad techniques used relates with the audience (racing fanatics) as they are solely based on the product in this a vehicle. The ad appeals to the audience by offering them a product any person in this group will want to have. References POLARIS RZR. THE RED BULLETIN 5 June 2014: 10-11. Print. Source document

Benefits of ICT in Education and Classroom Management

Benefits of ICT in Education and Classroom Management ICT has so many advantages in the learning and teaching process. Classroom management is one of them that gained benefits from ICT. According to experienced teachers who use ICT in their classrooms that ICT may make the classroom controlling more effortless because ICT provides materials that make the class more interesting and easy to control (Cox and Webb, 2004). The existence of several sorts of ICT tools gives the class other support of learning especially in terms of visual and auditory learning. Thus the definition of classroom management â€Å"Content management occurs when teachers manage space, materials, equipment, the movement of people, and lessons that are part of a curriculum or program of studies† (Froyen they have ‘eyes in the back of their heads’ so are able to pay attention to several things at the same time; Letting pupils know what behavior is expected of them at any given point in time; Smoothness: teachers are able to guide pupil behavior v erbally or non- verbally without having to interrupt teaching; Maintaining group focus and interest.† Leask and Pachler(2005:44) ICT is beneficial for teachers too, to discipline student’s deportments in the class. In â€Å"withitness† teachers never are busy with other things in the class while answering a question or other activities (Leask and Pachler, 2005). They should pay their attention to students behaviour even they observe them out of the corner of their eye, it will be good. In addition, students know what they are going to do next time. Finally, in â€Å"smoothness† teachers use efficient techniques that guide students in a way, which does not lead to a noisy atmosphere in the class, but without interrupting teaching process. ICT and Motivation: The British educational communications and technology agency (Becta, 2003) has a research about ICT and motivation, which reports that regular use of ICT across various curriculum subjects, may have a u seful motivational impact on students learning (cited in Cox, 1997). It is clear that students stand more time in front of their tasks by using ICT like computer than other methods such as: classic method, which was manual, which is manual. ICT may solve discipline problems and decrease them. Moreover, students who used ICT for educational reasons in school feel more successful were more motivated to learn and have raised self-confidence and self-esteem (cited in Software and information industry association 2000). For example, while writing a paragraph by hand there is no grammar check to correct mistakes, but while ICT programs such as Microsoft Office word, which will detect most of the spelling and grammar mistakes. This process will encourage and motivate students certainly. Leask and Pachler, 2005 refer that the impaCT2 project evaluated the motivation of students through 15 case studies in their books. Researchers found that ICT not only encourages students to become more con centrated on the task. ICT also was seen by some teachers to improve both the competency and cognitive functioning (Cited in Comber et al., 2002, p. 9).

Visiting the City Council Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Visiting the City Council - Essay Example Many of them were talking about the efforts on forming city budget for 2006 and proper allocation of financial resources. Such talks were frequently accompanied by discussion of taxation issue. Some people were talking about property matters, in particular, the problems of buying property and investments into construction. For about ten minutes two young men, standing next to the doors of the building, have been lively discussing the necessity of reconstruction of our city park. Everybody seemed to be very busy next to the Council. But a few officials were leaving the building very slowly. They were discussing some private matters: in particular, sharing their plans for Christmas vacations. Also, outside of the building I found a board of information about the activity of our city administration. It included general information, accompanied with FAQ section about any possible problem, which can bring a person to City Council. And also there was everything available regarding to the duties, names and contacts of the Council Members. Standing for one hour next to the Supreme Court of our State, I could notice much less activity and fewer amounts of visitors. A group of tired security officers was located outside of the building in a small watch box.

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada Essay

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada class ( First Nation course) - Essay Example Due to the interest that I had in the course and my eagerness to learn more, I always strived to grasp everything that was taught and to also study on my own so that I could be able to grasp everything I could possibly get. This allowed me to appreciate the traditional Canada and the manner it has transformed over the years. I developed a lot of interest in this course, right from the beginning, when the various topics that we were to study were introduced. The main reason as to why I had lots of interest in this course is due to the fact that it is a course that gave me an opportunity to understand Canada and the various historical aspects of the Canadian society. This was made possible through the studying of several topics that are associated to the antiquity of the Canadian society. Some of the topic that were studied in this course that were interesting included study of the original inhabitants of the land, settling of foreigners in Canada, emergence of conflicts among the traditional Canadian societies, the conflicts with the foreigners, mediation that led to the settling of the issues that had been raised and the reemergence of self-governance (Dickason & Newbigging, 2010). This course covered various aspects of the society that included human population issues, social cultural factors in Canada and the economic aspects of the traditional Canadian community and society. This is in addition to looking at the various systems that existed in the traditional Canadian society and the transformation of the society and the systems. The topic that best fascinated me in this class is the topic on the aboriginal healing movement. The major reason why this topic was so much of interest to me is due to the fact that it demonstrated how the conflict that had been experienced in the Canadian community was solved through reconciliation. This in turn transformed conflicts into peace and allowed various communities to live together. Aboriginal healing

Economic Theory of Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Economic Theory of Capitalism - Essay Example It can be said that capitalism has had a huge impact on the sovereignty of the states, which have come to depend on it completely. It has, in fact, been said that it undermines state sovereignty because decisions that governments have to make have to put into consideration their impact on international affairs (Anderson 85). An example of this is oil-exporting countries, which heavily depend on the income from this product to fund their national budgets. Moreover, if these countries were to act in a way that displeases the international community, then they would be forced to abandon such decisions through the placing of sanctions on their exports by those countries, which import their oil (Hobson 64). Moreover, because of capitalism, many countries have economic interests in other countries. To protect these interests, it has become necessary for the power to meddle in the political affairs of the weaker ones. This has not only made the latter countries lose their sovereignty, but i t has also encouraged their overdependence on more developed nations for economic aid. In many countries, it has been found that economic power is disproportionately balanced so that a few hold most of the wealth while the rest only hold very little or none at all (Lenin 18). This has created a situation where individuals own the majority of the resources in the society and this has made the gap between the rich and the poor to widen. The rich become richer while the poor have continued to become poorer as the cost of living increases while their income has remained the same. The economic policies of many countries tend to be left in the hands of politicians, who make decisions about things or places they are unacquainted with, lack of adequate information about the framework to design effective and correct policies and programs to facilitate the development of their people. This has led many nations to pursue policies that are detrimental to the equal development of all their citiz ens, as they have tended to secure the status quo; namely, the rich being favored at the expense of the poor, who make up the majority of many societies the world over (Schumpeter 105). The potential for social chaos because of this, as propagated by Marx, is quite possible especially when one considers that the trickle effect policies propagated by capitalists do not seem to work. It is a fact that economic inequality is a reality among the majority of the world’s population and this has come about mainly because of the fact that capitalist policies have become dominant. Despite this situation being rampant the world over, most of the people with the power to make a difference are either unwilling or unable to do so because they do not want to disturb the status quo as it is.

Innovation. Innovative techniques of a manufacturing company Assignment

Innovation. Innovative techniques of a manufacturing company - Assignment Example It is not possible to apply the innovative techniques of a manufacturing company, in a service sector. This is because the two business models operate in different spheres, and the main different is depicted in the nature of the products they produce. The service sector deals with intangible goods, while the manufacturing sector deals with tangible goods. An example of a service is the delivery of mails, by Fed Ex Company (Chang, 2011). It is important for the service industry to create a culture of innovation while conducting their activities. This is because the service sector is a major employer, and greatly contributes to the development of an economy. However there are challenges that can prevent entrepreneurs in a service sector from innovating. This is because there aren’t any clear guidelines on how to innovate for a service sector (Chang, 2011). However, an entrepreneur can overcome this challenge by appreciating the service in which an entrepreneur provides to the co mmunity. This will create a proper mindset that will advocate for the improvement of the service to carter for the various needs of its customers. It is essential to separate the physiology, structure and the context within which the business operation focuses on. By doing this, the organization will broaden its scope of innovating, and therefore overcome the challenges that the service sector faces in developing an innovation (Omachonu et al, 2010). An example depicting an organization that appreciates its scope of operation and created ideas for its relevance in the market is easy jet. The main objective of the company is to make it easier for customers to access services. As a result of this objective, the company developed various products such as, Easy Cruise, Easy Pizza, and EasyCinema. This was possible because of the right mindset emanating from the management because of appreciating the context of their business operations. Another method of overcoming the challenges is to create a research and development department within the organization. The department should be responsible for carrying out a market research on the requirements of a customer, and on how to satisfy their needs (Dodgson et al, 2010) . The department should be responsible for analyzing the feedbacks of the sales representatives of the company, and the various customers that the organization serves. The department should also look at the strategies of the organizations competitors, and analyze their innovative tendencies. Basing on the results of their analysis, the department should advice the management of an organization on whether to copy the style of their competitors’ mode of operation, or to develop their own strategies. On this note, the R and D department is an important element of overcoming challenges that emanate from innovating in a service industry. Another method of overcoming the challenges that emanate for innovating in a service sector is to focus on the core elements of the company (Chang, 2011), this is as opposed on innovating in the supplemental elements of the company, such as friendly customer care services, effective problem solving mechanisms, after sales services, such as an extra service to the customer without any charge. These supplementary services can be copied by their rival companies. On this note, to maintain an edge over their rivals, the organization should focus on improving its core business objective. An example is the innovative ideas of CNN in making its services accessible on a 24hr basis. Google initiated measures of improving the speed of its search engine network, and Fed Ex initiated measures of speedily delivering packages to their clients by working for 24hrs a day. However, it is not only important to focus on the core element or objective of the business, it is important to focus on other supplemental elements of the business organization while creating a product that will be attractive in the market. In as much as supplementary ser

Managing Organisations in a Global Context. Chevron Corporation Essay

Managing Organisations in a Global Context. Chevron Corporation - Essay Example Global scale of its operations, scarcity of skilled workforce, and a highly competitive commodity based business makes Chevron highly vulnerable to the external environment. For Chevron to retain its market leadership in a competitive global knowledge-based economy, it has to depend on efficient knowledge exchange between its operations groups (customer facing) and the technology center staff (responsible for technology and support). Therefore, it is important for Chevron to actively engage in knowledge management activities to increase operational efficiencies and overall cost-advantages. The report analyses the structure, organizational culture and leadership of Chevron to study its internal capabilities. Chevron has a decentralized organizational structure that poses both a threat and advantage to implement necessary changes for knowledge sharing and team collaboration. The principles of â€Å"The Chevron Way† that acts as a learning tool to communicate and reinforce the va lues and goals of Chevron is a key artifact for its team and learning-based organization culture. Chevron leader ­ship has been instrumental in driving key initiatives as best practice sharing, operational efficiency management system and benchmarking wrt industry practices. The key issues that are important to be addressed for Chevron’s long-term future are low-cost competition from state-owned oil companies, global communication challenge regarding environmental concerns and its existing decentralized structure. Introduction The financial crisis of 2008 highlighted once again two key lessons for organizations all over the world: firstly, that organization cannot operate in vacuum and is not invulnerable to what is happening in the external environment and secondly, the world is so interconnected that positive and negative effects in organizations can have ripple effects across the globe in a matter of minutes. External environment comprises of factors such as administrati ve and legal (international, non-governmental policies and regulations, legislatures and legal frameworks), technology (innovations, research and development), politics (government support and political systems in the geographical region), economics (inflation, labour laws, opportunity costs, currency restrictions etc.), society and culture at local, national and regional levels and stakeholders (Harrison, 1970). There are evident examples of organizations that have been deeply impacted due to pressures of the external environment such as Kodak at the advent of disruptive innovation in digital imaging (Forbes, 2008), Lehman Brothers bankruptcy due to 2008 global financial crisis (Investopedia, 2009) etc. Globalization has transformed contemporary business environment into a knowledge-based economy that makes organizations even more vulnerable to changes. Oil and Gas companies are no exceptions to this turbulent environment. The relevance of geopolitical tensions, environmental consi derations, oil economics and market dynamics make them complex entities to operate. They deal with a number of complex tasks, which reason the necessity of knowledge management system in the oil and gas organizations. Globalization, innovative technologies, outsourcing and offshoring, new joint ventures, government regulations and scarcity of experienced personnel have amplified the need to share and mobilize knowledge, expertise and best practices across multi-national organizations to retain their competitive advantage (Leavitt, 2002). This report addresses the above factors in case of CHEVRON Corporation, and

FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS LAW Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS LAW - Case Study Example Based on the promise to be made between the parties, contracts can be divided into bilateral and unilateral contracts. Bilateral contracts revolve around both parties ensuring that they fulfill their promises while in unilateral contracts the offeror still has to perform their part of the agreement (it is a promise for and act) (Barker 2005). For a contract to be valid, it needs the parties to have legal capacity, the existence of a purpose of legality, and the parties should have consent and any form of requirements satisfied. The intentions ascribed to any contract intention is very important. The parties to the agreement must intend for the agreement to be legally enforceable. If there is no intention, such an agreement automatically results into no contract (Barker 2005). To decide whether an intention to create legal relations was present, the courts will apply objective tests. The court looks at the conduct of both parties from the perspective of an objective observer and asks whether the parties were behaving in a way that indicates their intention that the agreement be legally enforceable. Traditionally, social, family, and voluntary associations were presumed to have no contractual intentions while commercial or business intentions were presumed to have valid and lawful contractual intentions. Contracts are linked with agreements. An agreement is a meeting of intellectuals and exists when two or several people share an intention or an understanding. Negotiations precede agreements for a given time. Sometimes the conduct of the entities in an agreement can help to deduce the existence of a finalized agreement. With the aforementioned in mind, I and my sisters are not in a contract. Ordering some fish from them was as an act of brotherhood. To add to that, there was no meeting between us and therefore no agreement was reached between us. A contract

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention Essay - 5

The United States Pharmacopeial Convention - Essay Example In America, alone people spend almost $21.3 billion dollars each year on diet supplements. So the question still remains as to whether this money is a waste or whether these people truly benefit from these Vitamins and fortified foods. That is why we have some non-profit organizations that are establishing that to be able to regulate these products in America. One of these organizations includes; the United States Pharmacopeial conventions (USP) (Thompson and Manore 186). The United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) is a nonprofit making organization that is scientific. Its main function is to set standards of identity, strength, quality and medicines that are pure ingredients of food, distributing manufactured supplements of diet and consumed globally. The enforcing of USPs drug standards in the United States is by the administration of food and drugs. Developing these standards and, more than 130 countries rely on them. More than 800 volunteer experts mainly develop and revise the USP standards. Some of these volunteers include; the international participants who work with the USP under rules that are of strict conflict-of-interest. Establishing USP was first in 1820, since then it has helped to secure the American drugs supply that is of quality. To strengthen this legacy, today USP is working with scientists, practitioners and regulators that help protect the health of the public internationally, from various countries (Thompson and Manore 186). The United States Pharmacopeial Conventions whose mission is to see a world that has its citizens have high-quality access, safe and beneficial foods and medicines.  USP approaches this vision urgently and with a purpose.

Performance Measurement Essay Example for Free

Performance Measurement Essay Nowadays, businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future (Arnold, 2005). Meanwhile, the economic crisis has turned that world upside down; it is a change for ever. The global economy was changed during the past two decades; because of globalization, the firms are not only trade or invest in the company’s domicile, but also trade or invest in other countries. Then management will face a lot of business risk in global economy. There are many different way to define risk; simply, risks are opportunities to be seized. Risk management identifies risks with new opportunities to increase the probability of positive outcomes and maximize returns. The aim of this essay is identify the global challenges and risks and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the company’s domicile. In the structure, firstly evaluate the current global economic situation and what is the challenge in this global economic situation. Secondly, identify the risks do companies face operation in uncertain global economy. Finally, it will consider and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the company’s domicile. Outline of this essay, It is no doubt that today it is a globalization, however, due to the global economic crisis in 2008, the global economy is uncertainly and unstable. According to Arnold (2005) businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future. The global economy is divided into several situations.The one is low-income countries which CNI per capita of less than $936 and these countries have such serous social, political problems and economic that they represent limited opportunities for operations and investment. The next one is lower-middle-income countries which with a CNI per capita between $938 and $3705, such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The consumer markets countries are increasing rapidly. Then is the upper-middle-income countries which with CNI per capita between $3706 and $11455, Such as Chile, Malaysia, Venezuela. In these countries, they have strong education systems and high literacy rates, although wages are still significantly lower than in the advanced countries, it is rising rapidly. The last one is high-income countries which with CNI per capital higher or equal $11456. Such as Japan, Sweden, United States, Germany. (Keegan, Creen. 2011) However, the most representatives of current global economy situation are UE, USA, China